Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 90 : Presumption as to electronic messages : (See section 88A of IEA 1872) The Court may presume that an electronic message, forwarded by the originator through an electronic mail server to the addressee to whom the message purports to…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 89 : Presumption as to books, maps and charts : (See section 87 of IEA 1872) The Court may presume that any book to which it may refer for information on matters of public or general interest, and that any…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 88 : Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records : (See section 86 of IEA 1872) (1) The Court may presume that any document purporting to be a certified copy of any judicial record of any country beyond…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 87 : Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates : (See section 85C of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume, unless contrary is proved, that the information listed in an Electronic Signature Certificate is correct, except for information specified as subscriber…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 86 : Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures : (See section 85B of IEA 1872) (1) In any proceedings involving a secure electronic record, the Court shall presume unless contrary is proved, that the secure electronic record has…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 85 : Presumption as to electronic agreements : (See section 85A of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume that every electronic record purporting to be an agreement containing the electronic or digital signature of the parties was so concluded by…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 84 : Presumption as to powers-of-attorney : (See section 85 of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume that every document purporting to be a power-ofattorney, and to have been executed before, and authenticated by, a Notary Public, or any Court,…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 83 : Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions : (See section 84 of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume the genuineness of, every book purporting to be printed or published under the authority of the Government…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 82 : Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government : (See section 83 of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume that maps or plans purporting to be made by the authority of the Central Government or…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 81 : Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record : (See section 81A of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume the genuineness of every electronic or digital record purporting to be the Official Gazette, or purporting to be…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 80 : Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents : (See section 81 of IEA 1872) The Court shall presume the genuineness of every document purporting to be the Official Gazette, or to be a newspaper or journal, and…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 79 : Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc : (See section 80 of IEA 1872) Whenever any document is produced before any Court, purporting to be a record or memorandum of the evidence, or of any…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Presumptions as to documents : Section 78 : Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies : (See section 79 of IEA 1872) (1) The Court shall presume to be genuine every document purporting to be a certificate, certified copy or other…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 77 : Proof of other official documents : (See section 78 of IEA 1872) The following public documents may be proved as follows:— (a) Acts, orders or notifications of the Central Government in any of its Ministries and Departments or…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 76 : Proof of documents by production of certified copies : (See section 77 of IEA 1872) Such certified copies may be produced in proof of the contents of the public documents or parts of the public documents of which…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 75 : Certified copies of public documents : (See section 76 of IEA 1872) Every public officer having the custody of a public document, which any person has a right to inspect, shall give that person on demand a copy…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Public documents : Section 74 : Public and private documents : (See section 74,75 of IEA 1872) (1) The following documents are public documents:— (a) documents forming the acts, or records of the acts— (i) of the sovereign authority; (ii) of…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 73 : Proof as to verification of digital signature : (See section 73A of IEA 1872) In order to ascertain whether a digital signature is that of the person by whom it purports to have been affixed, the Court may…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 72 : Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved : (See section 73 of IEA 1872) (1) In order to ascertain whether a signature, writing, or seal is that of the person by whom it purports…
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 Section 71 : Proof of document not required by law to be attested : (See section 72 of IEA 1872) An attested document not required by law to be attested may be proved as if it was unattested.